Supplementary Information

Status of the invasion of Carpobrotus edulis in Uruguay based on community science records

Carpobrotus edulis

Data download

To download the data we used the iNaturalist API, considering:

• ‘Uruguay’ as location: place_id=7259
• ‘Carpobrotus edulis’ as taxon: taxon_id=49322
• ‘Research grade’ as data quality assessment: quality_grade=research

library(httr)
library(jsonlite)
library(tidyverse)

getCarpobrotusObservations <- function(place_id, taxon_id, quality_grade){

  total_results = NULL
  page = 1 
  delay = 1.0
  results = tibble()
  
  while(is.null(total_results) || nrow(results) < total_results) {
    
    call_url <- str_glue('https://api.inaturalist.org/v1/observations?',
                         'place_id={place_id}&taxon_id={taxon_id}',
                         '&captive=false&geoprivacy=open',
                         '&quality_grade={quality_grade}',
                         '&per_page=200&page={page}')
    
    get_json_call <- GET(url = call_url) %>% 
      content(as = "text") %>% fromJSON(flatten = TRUE)
    
    if (!is.null(get_json_call)) {
      if (is.null(total_results)) {
        total_results <- get_json_call$total_results # number of results of the call
      }
      results_i <- as_tibble(get_json_call$results) %>% 
        select(taxon.name, taxon.rank, identifications_count, 
               created_at, observed_on, 
               geojson.coordinates, positional_accuracy,
               user.login, user.id, user.name, user.observations_count,
               user.identifications_count, user.activity_count, 
               license_code, num_identification_agreements, uri) %>%
        unnest_wider(geojson.coordinates, names_sep = "_") %>%
        rename(longitude=geojson.coordinates_1, latitude=geojson.coordinates_2)
      results <- rbind(results, results_i)
      page <- page + 1
      Sys.sleep(delay)
    }
  }
  return(results)
}
  
datos_carpobrotus <- getCarpobrotusObservations(place_id=7259,
                                                taxon_id=49322,
                                      quality_grade='research')

datos_carpobrotus <- datos_carpobrotus %>% filter(created_at<='2023-06-09')

Download date

9th of June, 2023

Spatial and temporal analyses

Data preparation

To download the polygon for Uruguay, I used the geouy package, with geouy::load_geouy('Dptos'). I saved this object to avoid downloading it manually again. The CRS of the sf object is: EPSG:32721. I also used the package geonames to get the department (stateProvince) for each record.

Code

library(lubridate)
library(geonames)
options(geonamesUsername="biodiversidata") # A (free) username is required and rate limits exist
library(sf)
sf::sf_use_s2(FALSE)
# options
options(scipen = 999)

uruguay <- readRDS('data/Uruguay.rds')
deptos_costeros <- c('MONTEVIDEO','MALDONADO','CANELONES', 'ROCHA')
costa_uruguay <- uruguay %>% filter(nombre %in% deptos_costeros)
costa_entera_uruguay <- uruguay %>% filter(nombre %in% c(deptos_costeros, 'SAN JOSÉ'))
localidades <- readRDS('data/localidades.RDS')
localidades_costa <- localidades %>% filter(NOMBDEPTO %in% deptos_costeros)
areas_protegidas <- read_sf('data/areas_protegidas/c397Polygon.shp',  options = 'ENCODING=WINDOWS-1252') %>% 
  st_transform(32721) %>% st_cast()

areas_protegidas_costa <- areas_protegidas %>% 
  filter(nombre %in%  c('Cerro Verde', 'Cabo Polonio', 'Laguna de Rocha', 'Laguna Garzón', 'Isla de Flores', 'Humedales del Santa Lucla'))

getStateProvince <- function(lat, lng){
  subdivision <- try(GNcountrySubdivision(lat, lng, radius = "1", maxRows = 1), silent = TRUE)
  Sys.sleep(1.0)
  if(class(subdivision)=='try-error'){
    subdivision$adminName1 <- NA
  }
  else if (length(subdivision$adminName1)==0){
    subdivision$adminName1 <- NA
  }
  return(subdivision$adminName1)
}

# stateProvince of earch record
datos_carpobrotus<- datos_carpobrotus %>%
  mutate(stateProvince=map2_chr(latitude, longitude, getStateProvince)) 

datos_carpobrotus <- datos_carpobrotus %>% 
  mutate(stateProvince =case_when(stateProvince=='Rocha Department' ~ 'Rocha',
                                  stateProvince=='Montevideo Department' ~ 'Montevideo',
                                  TRUE ~ stateProvince))

# estación del año
datos_carpobrotus<- datos_carpobrotus %>% 
  mutate(observed_on=as_date(observed_on)) %>% 
  mutate(season=lubridate::quarter(observed_on)) %>% 
  mutate(season=ifelse(season==1, 'summer', 
                       ifelse(season==2, 'autumn', 
                              ifelse(season==3, 'winter', 'spring'))))

saveRDS(datos_carpobrotus, 'data/datos_carpobrotus.rds')
write_excel_csv(datos_carpobrotus, 'data/datos_carpobrotus.csv', na = '')

Spatial coverage

Code

library(tmap)
tmap_mode("view")

sf_carpobrotus <- datos_carpobrotus %>% 
    st_as_sf(coords = c("longitude", "latitude")) %>% 
    st_set_crs(4326) %>% 
    st_transform(32721)


tm_graticules(alpha = 0.3) +
    tm_shape(areas_protegidas_costa) +
    tm_fill('darkgreen', alpha = 0.4) +
    tm_shape(localidades_costa %>% filter(AREA>5000000)) +
    tm_fill(col='blue', alpha = 0.4) +
    tm_shape(sf_carpobrotus) +
    tm_dots(alpha = 0.4)

Code

mapa.carpobrotus <- tm_graticules(alpha = 0.3) +
    tm_shape(uruguay, bbox = costa_entera_uruguay) +
    tm_fill(col='grey97') +
    tm_borders(col='grey80', alpha = 0.4) +
    tm_shape(costa_uruguay) +
    tm_fill(col='grey90') +
    tm_borders(col='grey60', alpha = 0.4) +
    tm_shape(st_intersection(areas_protegidas_costa, uruguay)) +
    tm_fill('darkgreen', alpha = 0.4) +
    tm_shape(localidades_costa %>% filter(AREA>5000000)) +
    tm_fill(col='blue', alpha = 0.4) +
    tm_shape(sf_carpobrotus) +
    tm_dots(alpha = 0.4) + 
    tm_layout(scale = 2)

tmap_save(mapa.carpobrotus, 'figs/mapa.carpobrotus.svg')

Departments

Code

library(knitr)

datos_carpobrotus %>% 
  group_by(stateProvince) %>%
  count() %>%  rename(Department=stateProvince,
                      `Number of records`=n) %>% 
  kable()

Department	Number of records
Canelones	46
Maldonado	98
Montevideo	12
Rocha	48

Protected areas

Code

carpobrotus_areas_protegidas <- st_join(areas_protegidas_costa,
                                   sf_carpobrotus) %>% 
  group_by(id, nombre) %>% 
  summarise(NR=ifelse(n_distinct(taxon.name, na.rm=T)!=0, n(), 0),
            presence=ifelse(NR>0, 1, 0)) %>% 
  st_cast()

mapa.carpobrotus.areas_protegidas <-  tm_graticules(alpha = 0.3) +
    tm_shape(uruguay, bbox = costa_entera_uruguay) +
    tm_fill(col='grey97') +
    tm_borders(col='grey80', alpha = 0.4) +
    tm_shape(costa_uruguay) +
    tm_fill(col='grey90') +
    tm_borders(col='grey60', alpha = 0.4) +
    tm_shape(carpobrotus_areas_protegidas) +
    tm_fill('presence', alpha = 0.4, style = 'cat', palette = 'Set1')  

mapa.carpobrotus.areas_protegidas

Temporal coverage

A total of 78 users recorded 204 observations of Carpobrotus edulis. The first records is from 2008-03-16 and the last is from 2023-05-10.

Seasons

Code

library(patchwork)

timeline.plot <- datos_carpobrotus %>% 
    add_count(taxon.name, year=year(observed_on), 
              name='records_per_year') %>% 
    ggplot(., aes(x=observed_on, y=records_per_year)) +
    geom_line(show.legend = FALSE, linewidth=1) +
    scale_x_date(date_breaks = "1 year", date_labels = "%Y") +
    theme_bw()+
    labs(x='', y= 'Number of records')

  
season.year.plot <- datos_carpobrotus %>% 
    add_count(taxon.name, season, name='records_per_season') %>% 
    mutate(season=factor(season, 
                         levels = c('summer', 'autumn', 'winter', 'spring'))) %>%
    ggplot(aes(x=season, y=observed_on)) +  
    geom_jitter(aes(col = season), width = 0.01, show.legend = FALSE) + 
    stat_summary(fun = mean, fun.min = min, fun.max = max) +
    theme_bw() +
    labs(x='', y= 'Date')

season.n.plot <- datos_carpobrotus %>% 
    add_count(taxon.name, season, name='records_per_season') %>% 
    mutate(season=factor(season, 
                         levels = c('summer', 'autumn', 'winter', 'spring'))) %>% 
    ggplot(aes(x=season, y=records_per_season)) +  
    geom_segment(aes(x=season, xend=season, y=0, 
                     yend=records_per_season, col=season), show.legend = FALSE) +
    geom_point(aes(col=season), show.legend = FALSE) +
    theme_bw() +
    labs(x='', y= 'Number of records')

timeline.plot / (season.year.plot | season.n.plot)

Code

ggsave(timeline.plot, filename='figs/timeline.plot.svg', device = 'svg', width=6, height=3, dpi=300)
ggsave(season.n.plot, filename='figs/season.n.plot.svg', device = 'svg', width=3, height=3, dpi=300)

Photographic analyses

We assessed the following attributes:

• Density: high, medium, low
• Phenology: no evidence of flowering/fruiting, flowering, flower budding , fruiting, flowering/flower budding, flowering/fruiting
• Presence of humann infraestructure: present, absent

Code

photo_evaluation <- read_csv('data/photo_evalutaion.csv')

photo_evaluation_carpobrotus <- left_join(datos_carpobrotus, 
                                          photo_evaluation %>% select(uri, density, phenology, infrastructure)) %>% 
  mutate(density = case_when(density=='alta'|density=='alta/media' ~ 'high',
                             density=='media'|density=='media/alta' ~ 'medium',
                             density=='baja' ~ 'low',
                             is.na(density) ~ 'not assessed')) %>% 
  mutate(phenology=ifelse(phenology=='No evidence of flowering', 
                          'no evidence of flowering/fruiting', phenology)) %>% 
  mutate(infrastructure = case_when(infrastructure==0 ~ 'absent',
                                    infrastructure==1 ~ 'present',
                                    is.na(infrastructure) ~ 'not assessed')) %>%
   mutate(density=fct_relevel(density, c('high', 'medium', 'low', 'not assessed')))

sf_photo_evaluation_carpobrotus <- photo_evaluation_carpobrotus %>% 
    st_as_sf(coords = c("longitude", "latitude")) %>% 
    st_set_crs(4326) %>% 
    st_transform(32721)

Density

Code

photo_evaluation_carpobrotus %>% 
  group_by(density) %>% 
  summarise(count = n()) %>% 
  mutate(freq = scales::label_percent()(count / sum(count))) %>% 
  arrange(desc(count)) %>%
  rename(Density=density, N=count, `%`=freq) %>%
  kable()

Density	N	%
high	75	36.8%
medium	67	32.8%
not assessed	33	16.2%
low	29	14.2%

Code

tmap_mode("view")
# interactivos

tm_graticules(alpha = 0.3) +
    tm_shape(localidades_costa %>% filter(AREA>5000000)) +
    tm_fill(col='grey10', alpha = 0.4) +
    tm_shape(sf_photo_evaluation_carpobrotus %>% 
                 mutate(density=ifelse(density=='not assessed', NA, density))) +
    tm_dots(col = 'density', title = 'Density',
            palette = 'PRGn', showNA=F, labels=c('high', 'medium', 'low')) +
    tm_shape(costa_uruguay) +
    tm_borders(col='grey60', alpha = 0.4)

Phenology

Code

photo_evaluation_carpobrotus %>% 
  group_by(phenology) %>% 
  summarise(count = n()) %>% 
  mutate(freq = scales::label_percent()(count / sum(count))) %>% 
  arrange(desc(count)) %>%
  rename(Phenology=phenology, N=count, `%`=freq) %>%
  kable()

Phenology	N	%
no evidence of flowering/fruiting	117	57.35%
fruiting	42	20.59%
flowering	27	13.24%
flowering/flower budding	11	5.39%
flowering/fruiting	4	1.96%
flower budding	3	1.47%

Code

phenology.plot <- photo_evaluation_carpobrotus %>% 
    filter(!phenology %in% c('flower budding', 'flowering/fruiting' )) %>% 
    add_count(phenology, month=(month(observed_on)), 
              name='records_per_month') %>% 
    select(month, records_per_month, phenology) %>% 
    group_by(month) %>% distinct(phenology,.keep_all = T) %>% 
    mutate(total_phenology_per_month=sum(records_per_month)) %>% ungroup() %>% 
    mutate(percentage=records_per_month*100/total_phenology_per_month) %>% 
    complete(month, phenology, fill = list(percentage = 0)) %>% 
    ggplot(., aes(x=(month), #strftime(observed_on, format="%b"),
                  y=percentage,
                  col=phenology)) +
    geom_line(size=2) +
    scale_color_brewer(palette='Set2') + 
    scale_x_continuous(breaks= c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12),
                       labels = c('Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar',
                                  'Apr','May','Jun','Jul',
                                  'Aug','Sep','Oct','Nov','Dec'))+
    scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent_format(scale = 1)) +
    theme_bw() +
    labs(x='Months', y= '% of records', col='Phenology')

phenology.plot

Code

ggsave(phenology.plot, filename='figs/phenology.plot.svg', device = 'svg', width=7.2, height=5.2, dpi=300)

Infraestructure

Code

photo_evaluation_carpobrotus %>% 
  group_by(infrastructure) %>% 
  summarise(count = n()) %>% 
  mutate(freq = scales::label_percent()(count / sum(count))) %>% 
  arrange(desc(count)) %>%
  rename(Infrastructure=infrastructure, N=count, `%`=freq) %>% 
  kable()

Infrastructure	N	%
absent	120	58.8%
present	46	22.5%
not assessed	38	18.6%

Code

tmap_mode("view")
tm_graticules(alpha = 0.3) +
    tm_shape(localidades_costa %>% filter(AREA>5000000)) +
    tm_fill(col='grey10', alpha = 0.4) +
    tm_shape(sf_photo_evaluation_carpobrotus) +
    tm_dots(col = 'infrastructure', title = 'Infrastructure',
            palette = 'Set1', labels=c('absent', 'present','not assessed')) +
    tm_shape(costa_uruguay) +
    tm_borders(col='grey60', alpha = 0.4)

All records on NaturalistaUY

Data download (Montevideo, Canelones, Maldonado and Rocha)

Because iNat’s API doesn’t allow to download more than 10,000 records, we downloaded the data directly from the website naturalista.uy/observations/export. We considered:

• ‘Montevideo’, ‘Canelones’, ‘Maldonado’ and ‘Rocha’ as location: place_id=12416, place_id=12410, place_id=12415, place_id=12420
• ‘FALSE’ as captive/cultivated quality assessment: captive=false
• ‘open’ as geoprivacy: geoprivacy=open

Download date

9th of June, 2023

Code

allObservations <- read_csv('data/observations-334644.csv', guess_max = 72000)

allObservations <- allObservations %>% 
  filter(coordinates_obscured==FALSE & 
           !is.na(taxon_species_name) & 
           captive_cultivated == FALSE) %>% 
  select(kingdom=taxon_kingdom_name, phylum=taxon_phylum_name, 
         class=taxon_class_name, order=taxon_order_name,
         family=taxon_family_name, genus=taxon_genus_name, 
         species=taxon_species_name, scientific_name,
         quality_grade, observed_on, user_login, user_id,
         state_province=place_admin1_name, 
         longitude, latitude)

# filter plant data
all_records_time <- left_join(
    datos_carpobrotus %>% mutate(year=year(observed_on)) %>% 
        add_count(taxon.name, year=year(observed_on), 
                  name='records_per_year') %>% 
      select(observed_on, year, carpobrotus_records_per_year= records_per_year),
    allObservations %>% mutate(year=year(observed_on)) %>% 
      filter(kingdom=='Plantae') %>% 
        add_count(year=year(observed_on), 
                  name='records_per_year') %>% 
        select(year, all_records_per_year=records_per_year)  %>% 
        distinct(year, all_records_per_year)
)

Temporal coverage

Code

coef <- 100

double_temporal_plot <- ggplot(data=all_records_time %>% filter(observed_on<'2022-12-31'),
                               aes(x=observed_on)) +
  geom_line(aes(y=carpobrotus_records_per_year, col='Carpobrotus'), size=1) +
  geom_line(aes(y=all_records_per_year/coef, col='Plantae'), size=1, show.legend = F) +
  scale_y_continuous(name = expression(paste('Number of ', italic('Carpobrotus edulis'), ' records')),
                     sec.axis = sec_axis(~.*coef,
                                         name= 'Number of Plant records')) +
  scale_x_date(date_breaks = "1 year", date_labels = "%Y") +
  theme_bw() + labs(x='', col='')

double_temporal_plot

Code

ggsave(double_temporal_plot, filename='figs/double.temporal.plot.svg', device = 'svg',  width=6, height=3, dpi=300)

Spatial analyses

Creation of grid cell (10x10km)

allObservations_sf <- allObservations %>% 
    st_as_sf(coords = c("longitude", "latitude")) %>% 
    st_set_crs(4326) %>% 
    st_transform(32721)

costa_uruguay_grillas <- st_make_grid(st_union(costa_uruguay), 10000) %>%
  st_intersection(st_union(costa_uruguay)) %>% 
  st_sf(gridID=1:length(.), geometry= .) %>% 
  st_make_valid() %>% st_cast() 

Intersection of grid cells with all the data and the data of Caprobrotus edulis

grillas_allObservations <- st_join(costa_uruguay_grillas,
                                   allObservations_sf) %>% 
  group_by(gridID) %>% 
  summarise(NR=ifelse(n_distinct(species, na.rm=T)!=0, n(), 0),
            SR=n_distinct(species, na.rm = T),
            spsList = paste(species, collapse = ';')) %>% 
  st_cast()

grillas_carpobrotus <- st_join(costa_uruguay_grillas, sf_carpobrotus) %>% 
  group_by(gridID) %>% 
  summarise(NR=ifelse(n_distinct(taxon.name, na.rm=T)!=0, n(), 0)) %>% 
  st_cast()

Estimation of sampling effort per grid cell

We used the function get_gridsSlopes() created by Biodiversidata (Grattarola et al. 2020).

More info about this analysis

The code is available at the GitHub repo: Multiple forms of hotspots of tetrapod biodiversity and the challenges of open-access data scarcity.

To identify the areas of ignorance we quantified the levels of inventory incompleteness for each group by using curvilinearity of smoothed species accumulation curves (SACs). This method assumes that SACs of poorly sampled grids tend towards a straight line, while those of better sampled ones have a higher degree of curvature. As a proxy for inventory incompleteness we calculated the degree of curvilinearity as the mean slope of the last 10% of SACs.

Code

# The function ```get_gridsSlopes``` finds a species accumulation curve (SAC) for each grid-cell using the method ‘exact’ of the function ```specaccum``` of the vegan package and then calculates the degree of curvilinearity as the mean slope of the last 10% of the curve. 

library(vegan)
library(spaa)

get_gridsSlopes <- function(data_abundance){
  gridSlope <- data.frame(gridID=integer(), slope=numeric(), stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
  data_abundance <- as.data.frame(data_abundance) 
  data_abundance$abundance <- as.integer(1)
  cells <- unique(data_abundance$gridID)
  splistT <- list()
  spaccum <- list()
  slope <- list()
  for (i in cells) {
    splist <- data_abundance[data_abundance$gridID == i,c(2:4)]
    splistT[[i]] = data2mat(splist) 
    spaccum[[i]] = specaccum(splistT[[i]], method = "exact")
    slope[[i]] = (spaccum[[i]][[4]][length(spaccum[[i]][[4]])]-
                    spaccum[[i]][[4]][ceiling(length(spaccum[[i]][[4]])*0.9)])/
      (length(spaccum[[i]][[4]])- ceiling(length(spaccum[[i]][[4]])*0.9))
    gridSlope_i <- data.frame(gridID=i, slope=slope[[i]], stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
    gridSlope <- rbind(gridSlope, gridSlope_i) 
  }
  gridSlope <- gridSlope %>% as_tibble() %>% 
    mutate(slope=ifelse(is.nan(slope), NA, slope))
  return(gridSlope)
}

allObservations.SACs <- grillas_allObservations %>% as_tibble() %>% 
    mutate(species=str_split(spsList, ';')) %>% 
    unnest(species) %>% 
    group_by(spsList) %>% mutate(sample = row_number()) %>% 
    ungroup() %>% 
    mutate(sample=ifelse(is.na(species), 0 , sample)) %>% 
    select(gridID, sample, species)

allObservations.incompleteness <- get_gridsSlopes(allObservations.SACs)

Spatian join

All the data per grid cell: total number of records, species richness, incompleteness curve (national sampling effort), and number of records of Carpobrotus edulis.

costa_uruguay.incompleteness <- left_join(grillas_allObservations,
          allObservations.incompleteness) %>%
  left_join(., grillas_carpobrotus %>% 
              rename(carpobrotus=NR) %>% 
              st_drop_geometry())

Sampling bias

Maps

Correlations (non-spatial)

Code

library(ggpubr)

tabla.final <- costa_uruguay.incompleteness %>% 
    st_drop_geometry() %>% 
    select(grilla=gridID, NR, SR, carpobrotus, slope)

summary(lm(carpobrotus ~ NR, data=tabla.final)) 

Call:
lm(formula = carpobrotus ~ NR, data = tabla.final)

Residuals:
     Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
-13.3254  -0.1541   0.0797   0.1381  23.3044 

Coefficients:
              Estimate Std. Error t value            Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept) -0.1381389  0.1583721  -0.872               0.384    
NR           0.0073048  0.0005093  14.342 <0.0000000000000002 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Residual standard error: 2.365 on 259 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.4426,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.4405 
F-statistic: 205.7 on 1 and 259 DF,  p-value: < 0.00000000000000022

Code

nr.caprobrotus <- tabla.final %>% filter(carpobrotus>0) %>% 
    ggplot(aes(x=NR, y=carpobrotus)) +
    geom_jitter() + 
    geom_smooth(method = 'lm') + 
    stat_regline_equation(label.y = 30, aes(label = ..eq.label..)) +
    stat_regline_equation(label.y = 28, aes(label = ..adj.rr.label..)) +
    labs(x='Number of records per grid cell', y='Caprobrotus edulis records per grid cell') +
    theme_bw()

summary(lm(carpobrotus ~ slope, data=tabla.final)) 

Call:
lm(formula = carpobrotus ~ slope, data = tabla.final)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-5.5117 -1.6170 -0.3330  0.8455 29.9189 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value       Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept)    7.202      1.004   7.172 0.000000000044 ***
slope         -8.586      1.404  -6.118 0.000000009632 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Residual standard error: 3.788 on 135 degrees of freedom
  (124 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared:  0.2171,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.2113 
F-statistic: 37.43 on 1 and 135 DF,  p-value: 0.000000009632

Code

incompleteness.caprobrotus <- tabla.final %>% filter(carpobrotus>0) %>% 
    ggplot(aes(x=slope, y=carpobrotus)) +
    geom_point() + geom_smooth(method = 'lm') + 
    stat_regline_equation(label.y = 30, label.x = 0.65, aes(label = ..eq.label..)) +
    stat_regline_equation(label.y = 28, label.x = 0.65, aes(label = ..adj.rr.label..)) +
    labs(x='Sampling incompleteness per grid cell', y='Caprobrotus edulis records per grid cell') +
    theme_bw()

nr.caprobrotus / incompleteness.caprobrotus

Code

ggsave(nr.caprobrotus | incompleteness.caprobrotus, filename='figs/correlation.plot.svg', device = 'svg', width=9.2, height=5.2, dpi=300)

Spatial correlations

Code

library(SpatialPack)

XY_costa_uruguay.incompleteness <- st_centroid(costa_uruguay.incompleteness) %>%
                                                 st_coordinates() %>% as_tibble()


costa_uruguay.incompleteness.cor <- modified.ttest(costa_uruguay.incompleteness$NR,
                                 costa_uruguay.incompleteness$carpobrotus,
                                 XY_costa_uruguay.incompleteness)

CORR_NR <- tibble(Cor = 'total number of records vs records of C. edulis',
               R = costa_uruguay.incompleteness.cor$corr,
               p.value = costa_uruguay.incompleteness.cor$p.value,
               Fstat = costa_uruguay.incompleteness.cor$Fstat,
               dof = costa_uruguay.incompleteness.cor$dof)

CORR_NR %>% 
  kable(digits = 3)

Cor	R	p.value	Fstat	dof
total number of records vs records of C. edulis	0.665	0	0.794	153.634

Code

demografia_hogares <- readRDS('data/demografia_hogares.rds')

pop_por_grilla <- st_join(costa_uruguay_grillas, demografia_hogares) %>% 
    group_by(gridID) %>%
    summarise(pop=sum(h_tot, na.rm = T)) %>% 
    st_cast()

pop_por_grilla.cor <- modified.ttest(costa_uruguay.incompleteness$NR,
                                 pop_por_grilla$pop,
                                 XY_costa_uruguay.incompleteness)

CORR_POP <- tibble(Cor = 'number of inhabitants vs records of C. edulis',
               R = pop_por_grilla.cor$corr,
               p.value = pop_por_grilla.cor$p.value,
               Fstat = pop_por_grilla.cor$Fstat,
               dof = pop_por_grilla.cor$dof)

CORR_POP %>% 
  kable(digits = 3)

Cor	R	p.value	Fstat	dof
number of inhabitants vs records of C. edulis	0.299	0.012	0.099	67.403

Code

tmap_mode("view")
tm_graticules(alpha = 0.3) +
  tm_shape(pop_por_grilla) + 
  tm_fill(col='pop', n = 6, style='jenks', title='Population') +
  tm_shape(costa_uruguay) +
  tm_borders(col='grey60', alpha = 0.4)

Final table

Data per grid cell:

• Number of records: total number of records on NaturalistaUY (all species)
  
• Species richness: total number of species on NaturalistaUY
  
• Carpobrotus records: number of records of Carpobrotus edulis on NaturalistaUY
  
• Incompleteness: slope of the SAC, a measure of sampling effort (values close to 0 indicate well sampled grid cells)

Code

tabla.final %>% filter(carpobrotus>0) %>% arrange(slope) %>% 
  select(`Number of records`=NR,
         `Species richness`=SR,
         `Carpobrotus record`=carpobrotus, 
         Incompleteness=slope) %>% 
  kable(digits = 3)

Number of records	Species richness	Carpobrotus record	Incompleteness
1980	792	1	0.204
1507	620	2	0.219
992	424	10	0.246
1620	691	35	0.247
1093	493	13	0.267
1213	572	8	0.274
1040	493	14	0.289
1066	508	13	0.293
996	541	7	0.312
1297	681	4	0.335
635	345	3	0.345
480	250	1	0.355
1001	568	11	0.370
735	433	19	0.393
443	258	6	0.400
347	205	4	0.410
481	304	8	0.453
326	216	1	0.461
419	267	8	0.461
202	130	1	0.462
122	82	4	0.471
547	365	3	0.481
254	184	4	0.566
239	179	4	0.604
159	122	2	0.615
103	85	3	0.698
89	80	1	0.815

Final dataset

Code

datos_carpobrotus %>% mutate(country='Uruguay') %>% 
  select(species=taxon.name, 
         `URL`=uri, 
         `geographic area`=stateProvince, 
         country, 
         `observed on`=observed_on) %>% 
  kable()

species	URL	geographic area	country	observed on
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/165758448	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-05-10
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/160747945	Montevideo	Uruguay	2023-05-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/160665773	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-05-07
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/160469238	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-05-07
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/160107383	Montevideo	Uruguay	2023-05-06
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/160107298	Montevideo	Uruguay	2023-05-06
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/157858181	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-04-29
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/157424891	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-04-27
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/156602647	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-04-25
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/156316414	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-04-23
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/156316292	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-04-23
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/154544864	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-04-06
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/154140599	Montevideo	Uruguay	2023-04-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/154140160	Montevideo	Uruguay	2023-04-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/154140050	Montevideo	Uruguay	2023-04-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/154139981	Montevideo	Uruguay	2023-04-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/154006507	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-04-07
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/153844993	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-04-05
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/153844895	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-04-05
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/153824614	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-04-07
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/153610798	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-04-05
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/153574035	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-03-08
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/153350214	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-04-02
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/152541633	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-03-08
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/152438876	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-03-26
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/151143893	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-03-14
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/151143845	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-03-14
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/150497307	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-03-07
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/150497260	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-03-07
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/150245299	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-03-04
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/150245186	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-03-04
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/150245008	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-03-04
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/149666564	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-02-25
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/149431100	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-02-22
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/149265269	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-02-20
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/149239474	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-02-20
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/149203139	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-02-19
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/149169295	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-02-19
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/149168987	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-02-19
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/148868594	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-24
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/148838888	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-02-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/148609917	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-02-12
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147333000	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-25
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147268384	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-24
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147268334	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-24
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147245932	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-23
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147122640	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-01-22
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146999721	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-21
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146999397	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-21
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146990683	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-20
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146931423	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-05
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146885644	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-18
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146822047	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-13
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146650655	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146650577	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146642537	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146642317	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146642176	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146642045	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146641979	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146641645	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146641633	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146641095	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146618601	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146618570	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146617550	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146607130	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146606806	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146606746	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146540142	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-01-14
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146525194	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-14
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146422669	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-07-10
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146402870	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-12
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146402751	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-12
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146402560	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-12
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146399293	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-12
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146399189	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-12
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146399053	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-12
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146398942	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-12
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146398732	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-12
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146395210	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-12
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146395163	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-12
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146359237	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-11
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146344500	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-11
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146342544	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-11
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146307705	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146306693	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-01-10
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146306434	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-01-10
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146306222	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-01-10
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146294366	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-10
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146294199	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-10
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146280646	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-01-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146280645	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-01-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146274697	Canelones	Uruguay	2022-11-20
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146251684	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-01-10
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146234118	Canelones	Uruguay	2023-01-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146211779	Rocha	Uruguay	2023-01-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146158085	Maldonado	Uruguay	2023-01-08
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145908480	Canelones	Uruguay	2008-03-16
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145689039	Canelones	Uruguay	2015-10-19
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145228162	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-12-27
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145053220	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-12-25
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145046175	Maldonado	Uruguay	2011-02-25
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/144894147	Canelones	Uruguay	2022-12-22
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/143260064	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-11-26
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/142292751	Rocha	Uruguay	2022-11-16
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/141403425	Canelones	Uruguay	2022-11-03
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/141124615	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-10-28
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/139243688	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-10-18
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137897275	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-10-07
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/136060363	Canelones	Uruguay	2021-08-05
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/135382489	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-09-17
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134293703	Canelones	Uruguay	2021-09-05
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/130445922	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-08-10
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/130265533	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-08-10
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/124734935	Canelones	Uruguay	2022-07-02
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/123951110	Rocha	Uruguay	2022-06-26
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/117894758	Rocha	Uruguay	2022-05-20
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/117883494	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-05-20
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/116739467	Rocha	Uruguay	2022-05-12
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/116455224	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-05-10
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/114675993	Canelones	Uruguay	2022-05-01
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/114303201	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-04-30
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/111768060	Canelones	Uruguay	2022-04-16
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/111729043	Canelones	Uruguay	2022-04-16
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/111426459	Canelones	Uruguay	2022-04-14
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/111377839	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-04-13
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/110244729	Rocha	Uruguay	2022-04-02
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/109923339	Maldonado	Uruguay	2021-07-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/109922922	Maldonado	Uruguay	2021-08-14
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/109749063	Canelones	Uruguay	2022-03-28
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/109574399	Maldonado	Uruguay	2019-12-24
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/107910734	Canelones	Uruguay	2022-03-04
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/107716646	Rocha	Uruguay	2022-03-01
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/107714165	Rocha	Uruguay	2022-03-01
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/107709942	Rocha	Uruguay	2022-03-01
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/107084263	Canelones	Uruguay	2022-02-19
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/107041694	Rocha	Uruguay	2022-02-19
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/106876384	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-02-16
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/106270982	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-02-06
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/105282457	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-01-20
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/104813471	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-01-11
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/104689416	Maldonado	Uruguay	2022-01-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/104598141	Canelones	Uruguay	2022-01-08
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/103899006	Montevideo	Uruguay	2021-12-29
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/103819528	Rocha	Uruguay	2021-12-26
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/103799453	Maldonado	Uruguay	2021-12-27
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/103243256	Canelones	Uruguay	2021-12-17
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/101727836	Canelones	Uruguay	2021-11-22
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/99493818	Canelones	Uruguay	2021-10-24
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/99417636	Canelones	Uruguay	2021-10-24
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/99413776	Canelones	Uruguay	2021-10-25
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/99412637	Maldonado	Uruguay	2021-10-24
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/99406590	Maldonado	Uruguay	2021-10-25
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/99403560	Maldonado	Uruguay	2021-10-25
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/99368772	Rocha	Uruguay	2021-10-25
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/99090688	Maldonado	Uruguay	2021-10-20
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/98669192	Canelones	Uruguay	2021-10-16
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/72823752	Canelones	Uruguay	2021-03-30
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/71651011	Canelones	Uruguay	2021-03-20
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/70701312	Maldonado	Uruguay	2021-03-06
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/68463316	Canelones	Uruguay	2021-01-20
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/68328641	Canelones	Uruguay	2021-01-19
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/65441727	Rocha	Uruguay	2020-11-22
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/63814798	Montevideo	Uruguay	2020-10-30
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/63814772	Montevideo	Uruguay	2020-10-30
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/59671950	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-09-15
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/59574883	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-09-13
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/56907033	Maldonado	Uruguay	2011-11-13
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/55727449	Canelones	Uruguay	2020-07-25
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/54402909	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-07-26
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/51015314	Rocha	Uruguay	2020-06-26
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/51014843	Rocha	Uruguay	2020-06-26
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/47125259	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-05-24
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/47125100	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-05-24
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/44843908	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-05-03
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/44782720	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-05-03
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/43691254	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-04-26
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/42586824	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-04-19
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/42015655	Maldonado	Uruguay	2019-11-08
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/41388354	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-04-04
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/39662279	Rocha	Uruguay	2020-03-07
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/39661149	Rocha	Uruguay	2020-03-07
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/39611006	Rocha	Uruguay	2020-03-06
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/39423318	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-03-01
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/38472597	Rocha	Uruguay	2020-02-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/38470807	Rocha	Uruguay	2020-02-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/38470787	Rocha	Uruguay	2020-02-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/38356037	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-02-01
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/38173952	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-01-20
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/38160041	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-01-31
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/37854509	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-01-22
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/37172036	Maldonado	Uruguay	2020-01-01
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/36943848	Maldonado	Uruguay	2019-12-25
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/36586034	Rocha	Uruguay	2019-12-12
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/35802536	Canelones	Uruguay	2019-11-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/35802535	Canelones	Uruguay	2019-11-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/35802532	Canelones	Uruguay	2019-11-09
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/22345368	Montevideo	Uruguay	2019-04-11
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/21828802	Rocha	Uruguay	2017-08-05
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/21523589	Montevideo	Uruguay	2018-10-22
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/20543070	Maldonado	Uruguay	2019-02-20
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/16641791	Canelones	Uruguay	2018-09-17
Carpobrotus edulis	https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/13104767	Rocha	Uruguay	2017-01-13